Upgrade to Pro
— share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …
Speaker Deck
Features
Speaker Deck
PRO
Sign in
Sign up for free
Search
Search
Building Adaptive Systems
Search
Sponsored
·
SiteGround - Reliable hosting with speed, security, and support you can count on.
→
Chris Keathley
May 28, 2020
Programming
44
2.9k
Building Adaptive Systems
Chris Keathley
May 28, 2020
Tweet
Share
More Decks by Chris Keathley
See All by Chris Keathley
Solid code isn't flexible
keathley
5
1.1k
Contracts for building reliable systems
keathley
6
1.1k
Kafka, the hard parts
keathley
3
1.9k
Building Resilient Elixir Systems
keathley
7
2.5k
Consistent, Distributed Elixir
keathley
6
1.6k
Telling stories with data visualization
keathley
1
680
Easing into continuous deployment
keathley
2
420
Leveling up your git skills
keathley
0
820
Generative Testing in Elixir
keathley
0
580
Other Decks in Programming
See All in Programming
なるべく楽してバックエンドに型をつけたい!(楽とは言ってない)
hibiki_cube
0
140
Apache Iceberg V3 and migration to V3
tomtanaka
0
180
責任感のあるCloudWatchアラームを設計しよう
akihisaikeda
3
180
今から始めるClaude Code超入門
448jp
8
9.1k
Claude Codeと2つの巻き戻し戦略 / Two Rewind Strategies with Claude Code
fruitriin
0
150
Best-Practices-for-Cortex-Analyst-and-AI-Agent
ryotaroikeda
1
110
Raku Raku Notion 20260128
hareyakayuruyaka
0
370
FOSDEM 2026: STUNMESH-go: Building P2P WireGuard Mesh Without Self-Hosted Infrastructure
tjjh89017
0
180
コマンドとリード間の連携に対する脅威分析フレームワーク
pandayumi
1
470
プロダクトオーナーから見たSOC2 _SOC2ゆるミートアップ#2
kekekenta
0
230
AI & Enginnering
codelynx
0
120
AI時代のキャリアプラン「技術の引力」からの脱出と「問い」へのいざない / tech-gravity
minodriven
21
7.4k
Featured
See All Featured
How to build a perfect <img>
jonoalderson
1
4.9k
Hiding What from Whom? A Critical Review of the History of Programming languages for Music
tomoyanonymous
2
430
Discover your Explorer Soul
emna__ayadi
2
1.1k
How To Stay Up To Date on Web Technology
chriscoyier
791
250k
[SF Ruby Conf 2025] Rails X
palkan
1
760
Lessons Learnt from Crawling 1000+ Websites
charlesmeaden
PRO
1
1.1k
Max Prin - Stacking Signals: How International SEO Comes Together (And Falls Apart)
techseoconnect
PRO
0
90
The Director’s Chair: Orchestrating AI for Truly Effective Learning
tmiket
1
100
Designing for Timeless Needs
cassininazir
0
130
Git: the NoSQL Database
bkeepers
PRO
432
66k
Organizational Design Perspectives: An Ontology of Organizational Design Elements
kimpetersen
PRO
1
470
The Art of Programming - Codeland 2020
erikaheidi
57
14k
Transcript
Chris Keathley / @ChrisKeathley /
[email protected]
Building Adaptive Systems
Server Server
Server Server I have a request
Server Server
Server Server
Server Server No Problem!
Server Server
Server Server Thanks!
Server Server
Server Server I have a request
Server Server
Server Server
Server Server I’m a little busy
Server Server I’m a little busy I have more requests!
Server Server I’m a little busy I have more requests!
Server Server I’m a little busy I have more requests!
Server Server I’m a little busy I have more requests!
Server Server I’m a little busy I have more requests!
Server Server I’m a little busy I have more requests!
Server Server I’m a little busy I have more requests!
Server Server I’m a little busy I have more requests!
Server Server I don’t feel so good
Server
Server Welp
Server Welp
All services have objectives
A resilient service should be able to withstand a 10x
traffic spike and continue to meet those objectives
Lets Talk About… Queues Overload Mitigation Adaptive Concurrency
Lets Talk About… Queues Overload Mitigation Adaptive Concurrency
What causes overload?
What causes overload? Server Queue
What causes overload? Server Queue Processing Time Arrival Rate >
Little’s Law Elements in the queue = Arrival Rate *
Processing Time
Little’s Law Server 1 requests = 10 rps * 100
ms 100ms
Little’s Law Server 1 requests = 10 rps * 100
ms 100ms
Little’s Law Server 1 requests = 10 rps * 100
ms 100ms
Little’s Law Server 2 requests = 10 rps * 200
ms 200ms
Little’s Law Server 2 requests = 10 rps * 200
ms 200ms
Little’s Law Server 2 requests = 10 rps * 200
ms 200ms
Little’s Law Server 2 requests = 10 rps * 200
ms 200ms
Little’s Law Server 2 requests = 10 rps * 200
ms 200ms
Little’s Law Server 2 requests = 10 rps * 200
ms 200ms BEAM Processes
Little’s Law Server 2 requests = 10 rps * 200
ms 200ms BEAM Processes CPU Pressure
Little’s Law Server 3 requests = 10 rps * 300
ms 300ms BEAM Processes CPU Pressure
Little’s Law Server 30 requests = 10 rps * 3000
ms 3000ms BEAM Processes CPU Pressure
Little’s Law Server 30 requests = 10 rps * ∞
ms ∞ BEAM Processes CPU Pressure
Little’s Law 30 requests = 10 rps * ∞ ms
Little’s Law ∞ requests = 10 rps * ∞ ms
Little’s Law ∞ requests = 10 rps * ∞ ms
This is bad
Lets Talk About… Queues Overload Mitigation Adaptive Concurrency
Lets Talk About… Queues Overload Mitigation Adaptive Concurrency
Overload Arrival Rate > Processing Time
Overload Arrival Rate > Processing Time We need to get
these under control
Load Shedding Server Queue Server
Load Shedding Server Queue Server Drop requests
Load Shedding Server Queue Server Drop requests Stop sending
Autoscaling
Autoscaling
Autoscaling Server DB Server
Autoscaling Server DB Server Requests start queueing
Autoscaling Server DB Server Server
Autoscaling Server DB Server Server Now its worse
Autoscaling needs to be in response to load shedding
Circuit Breakers
Circuit Breakers
Circuit Breakers Server Server
Circuit Breakers Server Server
Circuit Breakers Server Server Shut off traffic
Circuit Breakers Server Server
Circuit Breakers Server Server I’m not quite dead yet
Circuit Breakers are your last line of defense
Lets Talk About… Queues Overload Mitigation Adaptive Concurrency
Lets Talk About… Queues Overload Mitigation Adaptive Concurrency
We want to allow as many requests as we can
actually handle
None
Adaptive Limits Time Concurrency
Adaptive Limits Actual limit Time Concurrency
Adaptive Limits Actual limit Dynamic Discovery Time Concurrency
Load Shedding Server Server
Load Shedding Server Server Are we at the limit?
Load Shedding Server Server Am I still healthy?
Load Shedding Server Server
Load Shedding Server Server Update Limits
Adaptive Limits Time Concurrency Increased latency
Latency Successful vs. Failed requests Signals for Adjusting Limits
Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease Success state: limit + 1 Backoff
state: limit * 0.95 Time Concurrency
Prior Art/Alternatives https://github.com/ferd/pobox/ https://github.com/fishcakez/sbroker/ https://github.com/heroku/canal_lock https://github.com/jlouis/safetyvalve https://github.com/jlouis/fuse
Regulator https://github.com/keathley/regulator
Regulator.install(:service, [ limit: {Regulator.Limit.AIMD, [timeout: 500]} ]) Regulator.ask(:service, fn ->
{:ok, Finch.request(:get, "https://keathley.io")} end) Regulator
Conclusion
Queues are everywhere
Those queues need to be bounded to avoid overload
If your system is dynamic, your solution will also need
to be dynamic
Go and build awesome stuff
Thanks Chris Keathley / @ChrisKeathley /
[email protected]